Vulval Cancer
What is the vulva?
Many people use the words “vulva” and “vagina” to mean the same thing, but they are different. The vagina is the tube from the womb to the outside of the body. The vulva is the name for the outside part of the genitals. It includes:
- lips surrounding the vaginal opening called the labia minora and labia majora (inner and outer labia)
- the vaginal opening, and urethral opening (where you wee from)
- the clitoris and the Bartholin’s glands (two glands either side of the vagina that release lubricating fluid)
Vulval cancer – what should I look out for?
Most vulval changes are not cancer, but it’s important to know what is normal for your body so you can spot any changes and get advice if needed.
See a doctor or nurse if you notice any of these symptoms that don’t go away:
- Itching around the vulva
- Pain or soreness
- A lump or swelling
- An open sore or growth
- Changes to the skin colour or texture
- A mole that changes shape or colour
- Bleeding that isn’t part of your period
- Blood-stained discharge
The Eve Appeal provide monthly self-check reminders and tips for checking your vulva;
Reducing Your Risk
The earlier vulval cancer is diagnosed, the better the chance of successful treatment. Being aware of the signs and symptoms and getting any concerns checked by a healthcare professional as soon as possible is really important.
- Regularly checking your vulva using a mirror and good lighting can help you notice any changes. Everyone’s vulva looks and smells differently so it is important to know what is normal for you. If you notice any changes or you experience any symptoms, arrange to speak to your GP.
- Vulval cancer can develop from pre-cancer cells, called vulval intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN), which if found can be treated.
- Stopping smoking will reduce your risk of developing VIN and vulval cancer, this is because smoking makes the immune system less able to clear the HPV virus from your body. Learn about HPV and vaccine here.
- Some vulval skin conditions, including lichen sclerosus, are associated with an increased risk of vulval cancer, particularly lichen sclerosus which can cause symptoms such as itching and white, shiny patches of skin. If you notice any changes or experience symptoms that concern you, contact your GP practice or practice nurse for assessment. Do not wait until your next cervical screening appointment to seek advice.If you have already consulted your GP but the symptoms persist of worsen, it is important to return to your doctor and let them know.
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